https://opentextbc.ca/studentsuccess/chapter/note-taking/

You’ve got the PowerPoint slides for your lecture, and the information in your textbook. Do you need to take notes as well?
您已经获得了用于讲座的PowerPoint幻灯片，以及教科书中的信息。你也需要做笔记吗？

Despite the vast amount of information available in electronic formats, taking notes is an important learning strategy. In addition, the way that you take notes matters, and not all note-taking strategies lead to equal results. By considering your note-taking strategies carefully, you will be able to create a set of notes that will help retain the most important concepts from lectures and tests, and that will assist you in your exam preparation.
尽管有大量电子格式的信息，但做笔记是一种重要的学习策略。此外，你做笔记的方式很重要，并非所有的笔记策略都能带来相同的结果。通过仔细考虑您的笔记策略，您将能够创建一组笔记，这些笔记将有助于保留讲座和测试中最重要的概念，并帮助您准备考试。

Two Purposes for Taking Notes

做笔记的两个目的

People take notes for two main reasons:
人们记笔记有两个主要原因：

To keep a record of the information they heard. This is also called the external storage function of note-taking.
记录他们听到的信息。这也称为记笔记的外部存储功能。
To facilitate learning material they are currently studying.
为了方便他们目前正在学习的学习材料。

The availability of information on the internet may reduce the importance of the external storage function of note-taking. When the information is available online, it may seem logical to stop taking notes. However, by neglecting to take notes, you lose the benefits of note-taking as a learning tool.
互联网上信息的可用性可能会降低记笔记的外部存储功能的重要性。当信息可以在线获得时，停止做笔记似乎是合乎逻辑的。但是，由于忽略了记笔记，您将失去记笔记作为学习工具的好处。

How Note-Taking Supports Learning

记笔记如何支持学习

Taking notes during class supports your learning in several important ways:
在课堂上做笔记以几个重要方式支持您的学习：

Taking notes helps you to focus your attention and avoid distractions.
做笔记可以帮助您集中注意力并避免分心。
As you take notes in class, you will be engaging your mind in identifying and organizing the main ideas. Rather than passively listening, you will be doing the work of active learning while in class, making the most of your time.
当您在课堂上做笔记时，您将在识别和组织主要思想中投入精力。而不是被动地倾听，您将在课堂上进行主动学习的工作，充分利用您的时间。
Creating good notes means that you will have a record for later review. Reviewing a set of condensed and well-organized notes is more efficient than re-reading longer texts and articles.
创建好的笔记意味着您将有记录供以后查看。查看一组精简且组织良好的笔记比重新阅读较长的文本和文章更有效。

Everybody takes notes, or at least everybody claims to. But if you take a close look, many who are claiming to take notes on their laptops are actually surfing the Web, and paper notebooks are filled with doodles interrupted by a couple of random words with an asterisk next to them reminding you that “This is important!” In college and university, these approaches will not work. Your instructors expect you to make connections between class lectures and reading assignments; they expect you to create an opinion about the material presented; they expect you to make connections between the material and life beyond school. Your notes are your road maps for these thoughts. Do you take good notes? Actively listening and note-taking are key strategies to ensure your student success.
每个人都在做笔记，或者至少每个人都声称这样做。但如果你仔细观察，你会发现许多声称在笔记本电脑上做笔记的人实际上是在上网，纸质笔记本上写满了涂鸦，被几个随机单词打断，旁边有一个星号提醒你“这很重要！在学院和大学里，这些方法是行不通的。您的教师希望您在课堂讲座和阅读作业之间建立联系;他们希望您对所呈现的材料发表意见;他们希望你在物质和学校以外的生活之间建立联系。你的笔记是你实现这些想法的路线图。你记好笔记吗？积极倾听和记笔记是确保学生成功的关键策略。

Effective note-taking is important because it
有效的笔记很重要，因为它

supports your listening efforts.
支持您的聆听工作。
allows you to test your understanding of the material.
允许您测试您对材料的理解。
helps you remember the material better when you write key ideas down.
帮助您在写下关键思想时更好地记住材料。
gives you a sense of what the instructor thinks is important.
让您了解讲师认为重要的事情。
creates your “ultimate study guide.”
创建您的“终极学习指南”。

There are various forms of taking notes, and which one you choose depends on both your personal style and the instructor’s approach to the material. Each can be used in a notebook, index cards, or in a digital form on your laptop. No specific type is good for all students and all situations, so we recommend that you develop your own style, but you should also be ready to modify it to fit the needs of a specific class or instructor. To be effective, all of these methods require you to listen actively and to think; merely jotting down words the instructor is saying will be of little use to you.
记笔记的形式多种多样，选择哪一种取决于您的个人风格和教师对材料的态度。每个都可以在笔记本、索引卡或笔记本电脑上的数字形式中使用。没有特定的类型适合所有学生和所有情况，因此我们建议您开发自己的风格，但您也应该准备好修改它以适应特定班级或教师的需求。为了有效，所有这些方法都需要您积极倾听和思考;仅仅记下教练说的话对你来说没什么用。

Method 方法	Description 描述	When to Use 何时使用
Lists 列表	A sequential listing of ideas as they are presented. Lists may be short phrases or complete paragraphs describing ideas in more detail.
按顺序列出所呈现的想法。列表可以是简短的短语或完整的段落，更详细地描述想法。	This method is what most students use as a fallback if they haven’t learned other methods. This method typically requires a lot of writing, and you may find that you are not keeping up with the professor. It is not easy for students to prioritize ideas in this method.
如果大多数学生没有学习其他方法，则此方法是大多数学生用作后备的方法。这种方法通常需要大量的写作，你可能会发现你没有跟上教授的步伐。对于学生来说，在这种方法中优先考虑想法并不容易。
Outlines 概述	The outline method places most important ideas along the left margin, which are numbered with roman numerals. Supporting ideas to these main concepts are indented and are noted with capital letters. Under each of these ideas, further detail can be added, designated with an Arabic number, a lowercase letter, and so forth.
大纲方法将最重要的思想放在左边距上，左边距用罗马数字编号。这些主要概念的支持思想是缩进的，并用大写字母表示。在这些想法中的每一个下，都可以添加更多详细信息，用阿拉伯数字、小写字母等指定。	A good method to use when material presented by the instructor is well organized. Easy to use when taking notes on your computer.
当讲师提供的材料组织良好时，这是一种很好的方法。在计算机上做笔记时易于使用。
Concept Maps 概念图	When designing a concept map, place a central idea in the centre of the page and then add lines and new circles in the page for new ideas. Use arrows and lines to connect the various ideas.
在设计概念图时，将中心思想放在页面的中心，然后在页面中添加线条和新圆圈以获得新的想法。使用箭头和线条来连接各种想法。	Great method to show relationships among ideas. Also good if the instructor tends to hop from one idea to another and back.
展示想法之间关系的好方法。如果讲师倾向于从一个想法跳到另一个想法并返回，那也很好。
Cornell Method 康奈尔法	The Cornell method uses a two-column approach. The left column takes up no more than a third of the page and is often referred to as the “cue” or “recall” column. The right column (about two-thirds of the page) is used for taking notes using any of the methods described above or a combination of them. After class or completing the reading, review your notes and write the key ideas and concepts or questions in the left column. You may also include a summary box at the bottom of the page, in which to write a summary of the class or reading in your own words.
康奈尔方法使用两列方法。左栏占页面的三分之一，通常被称为“提示”或“回忆”列。右栏（约占页面的三分之二）用于使用上述任何方法或它们的组合做笔记。课后或完成阅读后，复习笔记，并在左栏中写下关键思想和概念或问题。您还可以在页面底部包含一个摘要框，在其中用您自己的语言写下课程摘要或阅读。	The Cornell method can include any of the methods above and provides a useful format for calling out key concepts, prioritizing ideas, and organizing review work. Most universities recommend using some form of the Cornell method.
康奈尔方法可以包括上述任何方法，并为提出关键概念、确定想法的优先级和组织审查工作提供了一种有用的格式。大多数大学建议使用某种形式的康奈尔方法。

The List Method 列表方法

Example: The List Method of Note-taking
示例：记笔记的列表方法

Learning Cycle 学习周期

September 3 九月 3

Prof. Jones 琼斯教授

The learning cycle is an approach to gathering and retaining info that can help students be successful in Col. The cycle consists of 4 steps which should all be app’d. They are preparing, which sets the foundation for learning, absorbing, which exposes us to new knowledge, capturing, which sets the information into our knowledge base and finally reviewing and applying which lets us set the know. into our memory and use it.
学习周期是一种收集和保留信息的方法，可以帮助学生在 Col. 中取得成功。该周期由 4 个步骤组成，这些步骤都应该应用。他们正在准备，这为学习奠定了基础，吸收，这使我们接触到新知识，捕获，将信息设置到我们的知识库中，最后审查和应用，让我们设置知识。进入我们的记忆并使用它。

Preparing for learning can involve mental preparation, physical prep, and oper. prep. Mental prep includes setting learning goals for self based on what we know the class w/ cover (see syllabus)/ Also it is very important to do any assignments for the class to be able to learn w/ confidence and…. ______________
准备学习可以包括心理准备、身体准备和操作。准备。心理准备包括根据我们对课程的了解为自己设定学习目标（见教学大纲）/此外，为班级做任何作业非常重要，以便能够学习自信和......

Physical Prep means having enough rest and eating well. Its hard to study when you are hungry and you won’t listen well in class if you doze off.
身体准备意味着有足够的休息和吃得好。饿了就很难学习，打瞌睡就听不好上课。

Operation Prep means bringing all supplies to class, or having them at hand when studying… this includes pens, paper, computer, textbook, etc. Also means setting to school on time and getting a good seat (near the front).
准备行动意味着将所有用品带到课堂上，或者在学习时将它们放在手边......这包括笔、纸、电脑、教科书等。也意味着准时上学并找到一个好座位（靠近前排）。

Absorbing new knowledge is a combination of listening and reading. These are two of the most important learning skills you can have.
吸收新知识是听力和阅读的结合。这是您可以拥有的两项最重要的学习技能。

The list method is usually not the best choice because it is focused exclusively on capturing as much of what the instructor says as possible, not on processing the information. Most students who have not learned effective study skills use this method, because it’s easy to think that this is what note-taking is all about. Even if you are skilled in some form of shorthand, you should probably also learn one of the other methods described here, because they are all better at helping you process and remember the material. You may want to take notes in class using the list method, but transcribe your notes to an outline or concept map method after class as a part of your review process. It is always important to review your notes as soon as possible after class and write a summary of the class in your own words.
列表方法通常不是最佳选择，因为它只专注于尽可能多地捕获教师所说的内容，而不是处理信息。大多数没有学到有效学习技能的学生都使用这种方法，因为很容易认为这就是记笔记的全部内容。即使您精通某种形式的速记，您可能还应该学习此处描述的其他方法之一，因为它们都更擅长帮助您处理和记住材料。您可能希望在课堂上使用列表方法做笔记，但作为复习过程的一部分，在课后将您的笔记转录为大纲或概念图方法。课后尽快复习笔记并用自己的话写下课堂摘要总是很重要。

The Outline Method 大纲方法

Example: The Outline Method of Note-taking
示例：记笔记的大纲方法

Learning Cycle 学习周期

September 3 九月 3

Prof Jones 琼斯教授

Learning is a cycle made up of 4 steps:
学习是一个由 4 个步骤组成的循环：

Preparing: Setting the foundation for learning.
准备：为学习奠定基础。
Absorbing: (Data input) Exposure to new knowledge.
吸收：（数据输入）接触新知识。
Capturing: Taking ownership of the knowledge.
捕获：掌握知识。
Review & Apply: Putting new knowledge to work.
复习和应用：将新知识付诸实践。
Preparing 准备
1. Mental Prep. 心理准备。
  1. Do assignments – New knowledge is built on prior knowledge.
    做作业 – 新知识建立在先验知识的基础上。
    1. assignments from prior classes.
      以前课程的作业。
    2. Readings! (May not have been assigned in class – see Syllabus!)
      读数！（可能没有在课堂上分配 - 见教学大纲！
  2. Review Syllabus 复习教学大纲
    1. Know what instructor expects to cover
      了解讲师期望涵盖的内容
    2. Know what assignments you need to do
      知道你需要做什么作业
    3. Set your own objective
      设定自己的目标
2. Physical Prep 身体准备
  1. Get right about of rest. Don’t zzz in class.
    好好休息。不要在课堂上嘟嘟囔囔。
  2. Eat right. Hard to focus when you are hungry.
    正确饮食。饥饿时很难集中注意力。
  3. Arrive on time. 准时到达。
3. Practical Prep (Organizational Prep):
  实践准备（组织准备）：
  1. Bring right supplies – (Notebooks, Texts, Pens, etc.)
    带上正确的用品 – （笔记本、文本、钢笔等）
  2. Arrive on time 准时到达
    1. Get organized and ready to listen
      井井有条，准备好倾听
    2. Don’t unterupt the focus of others
      不要打乱别人的注意力
    3. Get a good seat
      找个好座位
  3. Sit in the front of the class.
    坐在班级前面。

The advantage of the outline method is that it allows you to prioritize the material. Key ideas are written to the left of the page, subordinate ideas are then indented, and details of the subordinate ideas can be indented further. To further organize your ideas, you can use the typical outlining numbering scheme (starting with roman numerals for key ideas, moving to capital letters on the first subordinate level, Arabic numbers for the next level, and lowercase letters following.) At first you may have trouble identifying when the instructor moves from one idea to another. This takes practice and experience with each instructor, so don’t give up! In the early stages you should use your syllabus to determine what key ideas the instructor plans to present. Your reading assignments before class can also give you guidance in identifying the key ideas.
轮廓方法的优点是它允许您确定材料的优先级。关键想法写在页面左侧，然后缩进从属想法，从属想法的详细信息可以进一步缩进。为了进一步组织您的想法，您可以使用典型的大纲编号方案（从罗马数字开始表示关键想法，在第一个从属级别移动到大写字母，在下一个级别移动到阿拉伯数字，然后是小写字母。起初，您可能难以确定教师何时从一个想法转移到另一个想法。这需要每个教练的练习和经验，所以不要放弃！在早期阶段，您应该使用您的教学大纲来确定教师计划提出哪些关键思想。课前的阅读作业也可以指导您确定关键思想。

If you’re using your laptop computer for taking notes, a basic word processing application (like Microsoft Word or Works) is very effective. Format your document by selecting the outline format from the format bullets menu. Use the increase or decrease indent buttons to navigate the level of importance you want to give each item. The software will take care of the numbering for you!
如果您使用笔记本电脑做笔记，基本的文字处理应用程序（如Microsoft Word或Works）非常有效。通过从设置项目符号格式菜单中选择大纲格式来设置文档的格式。使用增加或减少缩进按钮导航要为每个项目指定的重要性级别。该软件将为您处理编号！

After class be sure to review your notes and then summarize the class in one or two short paragraphs using your own words. This summary will significantly affect your recall and will help you prepare for the next class.
课后一定要复习你的笔记，然后用你自己的话用一两个简短的段落总结课程。此摘要将显着影响您的回忆，并将帮助您为下一堂课做准备。

The Concept Map Method

概念图方法

Example: The Concept Map Method of Note-taking
示例：记笔记的概念图方法

A mind map of concepts covered in class that uses lines and groupings to show connections between ideas

Click on the image to see the full size.
单击图像以查看完整尺寸。

This is a very graphic method of note-taking that is especially good at capturing the relationships among ideas. Concept maps harness your visual sense to understand complex material “at a glance.” They also give you the flexibility to move from one idea to another and back easily (so they are helpful if your instructor moves freely through the material).
这是一种非常图形化的笔记方法，特别擅长捕捉想法之间的关系。概念图利用您的视觉感觉“一目了然”地理解复杂的材料。它们还使您可以灵活地从一个想法移动到另一个想法并轻松返回（因此，如果您的讲师在材料中自由移动，它们会很有帮助）。

To develop a concept map, start by using your syllabus to rank the ideas you will listen to by level of detail (from high-level or abstract ideas to detailed facts). Select an overriding idea (high level or abstract) from the instructor’s lecture and place it in a circle in the middle of the page. Then create branches off that circle to record the more detailed information, creating additional limbs as you need them. Arrange the branches with others that interrelate closely. When a new high-level idea is presented, create a new circle with its own branches. Link together circles or concepts that are related. Use arrows and symbols to capture the relationship between the ideas. For example, an arrow may be used to illustrate cause or effect, a double-pointed arrow to illustrate dependence, or a dotted arrow to illustrate impact or effect.
要开发概念图，首先使用您的教学大纲按详细程度（从高级或抽象的想法到详细事实）对您将要听到的想法进行排名。从教师的讲座中选择一个最重要的想法（高级或抽象），并将其放在页面中间的圆圈中。然后在该圆圈之外创建分支以记录更详细的信息，并根据需要创建其他肢体。将分支与其他密切相关的分支排列。当提出一个新的高级想法时，创建一个具有自己分支的新圆圈。将相关的圈子或概念链接在一起。使用箭头和符号来捕捉想法之间的关系。例如，箭头可用于说明因果关系，双角箭头可用于说明依赖性，虚线箭头可用于说明影响或效果。

As with all note-taking methods, you should summarize the chart in one or two paragraphs of your own words after class.
与所有笔记方法一样，您应该在课后用自己的话总结一两段图表。

The Cornell Method 康奈尔方法

Example: The Cornell Method of Note-taking
示例：康奈尔记笔记方法

An example of the Cornell method of note-taking

Click on the image to see the full size.
单击图像以查看完整尺寸。

The Cornell method was developed in the 1950s by Professor Walter Pauk at Cornell University ^[1]. It is recommended by many universities because of its usefulness and flexibility. This method is simple to use for capturing notes, is helpful for defining priorities, and is a very helpful study tool.
康奈尔方法是由康奈尔大学的 ^[1] Walter Pauk教授在1950年代开发的。由于其实用性和灵活性，许多大学推荐它。这种方法很容易用于捕获笔记，有助于定义优先级，并且是一个非常有用的学习工具。

The Cornell method follows a very specific format that consists of four boxes: a header, two columns, and a footer.
康奈尔方法遵循一种非常特殊的格式，该格式由四个框组成：一个页眉、两列和一个页脚。

The header is a small box across the top of the page. In it you write identification information like the course name and the date of the class. Underneath the header are two columns: a narrow one on the left (no more than one-third of the page) and a wide one on the right. The wide column, called the “notes” column, takes up most of the page and is used to capture your notes using any of the methods outlined earlier. The left column, known as the “cue” or “recall” column, is used to jot down main ideas, keywords, questions, clarifications, and other notes. It should be used both during the class and when reviewing your notes after class. Finally, use the box in the footer to write a summary of the class in your own words. This will help you make sense of your notes in the future and is a valuable tool to aid with recall and studying.
页眉是页面顶部的一个小框。您可以在其中写下识别信息，例如课程名称和课程日期。标题下方是两列：左侧的窄列（不超过页面的三分之一）和右侧的宽列。宽列称为“注释”列，占据了页面的大部分，用于使用前面概述的任何方法捕获笔记。左列称为“提示”或“回忆”列，用于记下主要思想、关键字、问题、澄清和其他注释。它应该在课堂上和课后复习笔记时使用。最后，使用页脚中的框用您自己的语言写下班级摘要。这将帮助您将来理解您的笔记，并且是帮助回忆和学习的宝贵工具。

Using Index Cards for the Cornell Method
使用索引卡进行康奈尔方法

Some students like to use index cards to take notes. They actually lend themselves quite well to the Cornell method. Use the “back” or lined side of the card to write your notes in class. Use one card per key concept. The “front” unlined side of the card replaces the left hand “cue” column. Use it after class to write keywords, comments, or questions. When you study, the cards become flash cards with questions on one side and answers on the other. Write a summary of the class on a separate card and place it on the top of the deck as an introduction to what was covered in the class.
有些学生喜欢使用索引卡做笔记。他们实际上非常适合康奈尔方法。使用卡片的“背面”或衬里侧在课堂上写笔记。每个密钥使用一张卡的概念。卡片的“正面”无衬里侧取代了左侧的“提示”列。课后使用它来编写关键字、评论或问题。当你学习时，卡片变成了闪存卡，一面是问题，另一面是答案。在单独的卡片上写下课程摘要，并将其放在甲板的顶部，作为对课程所涵盖内容的介绍。

“I used to tape my lecture classes so I could fill in my sketchy notes afterwards. Now that I’m using the Cornell system, my notes are complete and organized in much less time. And my regular five-minute reviews make learning almost painless. No more taping and listening twice.”
“我曾经把我的讲座课录下来，这样我就可以在之后填写我的粗略笔记。现在我正在使用康奈尔系统，我的笔记在更短的时间内完成和组织。我定期的五分钟复习使学习几乎无痛。再也不用录音和听两次了。

— A student at Southern Methodist University
— 南卫理公会大学学生

You will have noticed that all methods end with the same step: reviewing your notes as soon as possible after class. Any review of your notes is helpful (reading them, copying them into your computer, or even recasting them using another note-taking method). But THINK! Make your review of notes a thoughtful activity, not a mindless process. When you review your notes, think about questions you still have and determine how you will get the answers. (From the next class? Studying with a friend? Looking up material in your text or on the net?) Examine how the material applies to the course; make connections with notes from other class sessions, with material in your text, and with concepts covered in class discussions. Finally, it’s fun to think about how the material in your notes applies to real life. Consider this both at the very strategic level (as in “What does this material mean to me in relation to what I want to do with my life?”) as well as at a very mundane level (as in, “Is there anything cool here I can work into a conversation with my friends?”).
您会注意到所有方法都以相同的步骤结束：课后尽快复习笔记。对笔记的任何审阅都是有帮助的（阅读它们，将它们复制到您的计算机中，甚至使用另一种笔记方法重新转换它们）。但是想想！让你对笔记的复习成为一种深思熟虑的活动，而不是一个盲目的过程。当您查看笔记时，请考虑您仍然存在的问题并确定您将如何获得答案。（从下一堂课开始？和朋友一起学习？在您的文本或网络上查找材料？检查材料如何应用于课程;与其他课堂上的笔记、文本中的材料以及课堂讨论中涵盖的概念建立联系。最后，想想笔记中的材料如何应用于现实生活很有趣。既要从非常战略性的层面上考虑这个问题（比如“这些材料对我有什么意义，与我想用我的生活做什么？”），也要在非常平凡的层面上考虑这个问题（比如，“这里有什么很酷的，我可以和朋友交谈吗？”）。

Instructor Handouts 讲师讲义

Some instructors hand out or post their notes or their PowerPoint slides from their lectures. These handouts should never be considered a substitute for taking notes in class. They are a very useful complement and will help you confirm the accuracy of your notes, but they do not involve you in the process of learning as well as your own notes do. After class, review your notes with highlighter in hand and mark keywords and ideas in your notes. This will help you write a summary of the class in your own words.
一些教师分发或发布他们的笔记或他们的讲座中的PowerPoint幻灯片。这些讲义永远不应该被视为课堂上做笔记的替代品。它们是一个非常有用的补充，将帮助您确认笔记的准确性，但它们不会像您自己的笔记那样让您参与学习过程。课后，用荧光笔复习笔记，并在笔记中标记关键字和想法。这将帮助您用自己的话编写课程摘要。

General Tips on Note-Taking

记笔记的一般提示

Regardless of what note-taking method you choose, there are some note-taking habits you should get into for all circumstances and all courses:
无论您选择哪种笔记方法，您都应该养成一些笔记习惯，适用于所有情况和所有课程：

Be prepared. Make sure you have the tools you need to do the job. If you are using a notebook, be sure you have it with you and that you have enough paper. Also be sure to have your pen (as well as a spare) and perhaps a pen with different-coloured ink to use for emphasis. If you are taking notes on your laptop, make sure the battery is charged! Select the application that lends itself best to your style of note-taking. Microsoft Word works very well for outline notes, but you might find taking notes in Excel to work best if you are working within the Cornell method. (It’s easier to align your thoughts in the cue or recall column to your notes in the right column. Just be sure you keep one idea per row!)
做好准备。确保您拥有完成工作所需的工具。如果您使用的是笔记本，请确保您随身携带并且有足够的纸张。还要确保有你的笔（以及备用的），也许还有一支用不同颜色墨水的笔来强调。如果您在笔记本电脑上做笔记，请确保电池已充电！选择最适合您的笔记风格的应用程序。Microsoft Word 非常适合大纲笔记，但如果您在康奈尔方法中工作，您可能会发现在 Excel 中做笔记效果最好。（将提示或回忆列中的想法与右列中的笔记对齐更容易。只要确保每行保留一个想法！
Write on only one side of the paper. This will allow you to integrate your reading notes with your class notes.
只在纸的一面写字。这将允许您将阅读笔记与课堂笔记集成。
Label, number, and date all notes at the top of each page. This will help you keep organized.
每页顶部的所有注释的标签、编号和日期。这将帮助您保持井井有条。
When using a laptop, position it such that you can see the instructor and white board right over your screen. This will keep the instructor in your field of vision even if you have to glance at your screen or keyboard from time to time. Make sure your focus remains with the instructor and not on your laptop. A word of caution about laptops for note-taking: use them if you are very adept at keyboarding, but remember that not all note-taking methods work well on laptops because they do not easily allow you to draw diagrams and use special notations (scientific and math formulas, for example).
使用笔记本电脑时，请将其放置在屏幕上，以便您可以在屏幕上看到讲师和白板。这将使讲师保持在您的视野中，即使您必须不时瞥一眼屏幕或键盘。确保您的注意力仍然集中在教练身上，而不是放在笔记本电脑上。关于笔记本电脑记笔记的注意事项：如果您非常擅长键盘输入，请使用它们，但请记住，并非所有笔记方法在笔记本电脑上都能很好地工作，因为它们不容易让您绘制图表并使用特殊符号（例如科学和数学公式）。
Don’t try to capture everything that is said. Listen for the big ideas and write them down. Make sure you can recognize the instructor’s emphasis cues and write down all ideas and keywords the instructor emphasizes. Listen for clues like “the four causes were…” or “to sum up.…”
不要试图捕捉所说的一切。倾听大创意并写下来。确保您可以识别讲师的重点提示，并写下讲师强调的所有想法和关键字。倾听诸如“四个原因是......”之类的线索。或“总结一下...”
Copy anything the instructor writes on the board. It’s likely to be important.
复制教师在黑板上写的任何内容。这可能很重要。
Leave space between ideas. This allows you to add additional notes later (e.g. notes on the answer to a question you or one of your classmates asked).
在想法之间留出空间。这允许您稍后添加其他注释（例如，有关您或您的一位同学提出的问题的答案的注释）。
Use signals and abbreviations. The ones you use are up to you, but be consistent so you will know exactly what you mean by “att.” when you review your notes. You may find it useful to keep a key to your abbreviations in all your notebooks.
使用信号和缩写。您使用的那些由您决定，但要保持一致，以便在查看笔记时确切地知道“att.”的含义。您可能会发现在所有笔记本中保留缩写的键很有用。
Use some method for identifying your own thoughts and questions to keep them separate from what the instructor or textbook author is saying. Some students use different colour ink; others box or underline their own thoughts. Do whatever works for you.
使用一些方法来识别你自己的想法和问题，使它们与教师或教科书作者所说的内容分开。有些学生使用不同颜色的墨水;其他人框或强调自己的想法。做任何对你有用的事情。
Create a symbol to use when you fall behind or get lost in your note-taking. Jot down the symbol, leave some space, and focus on what the instructor is covering now. Later you can ask a classmate or the professor to help you fill in what you missed, or you can find it in your textbook.
创建一个符号，以便在您落后或迷失在笔记中使用。记下符号，留出一些空间，然后专注于讲师现在正在涵盖的内容。稍后，您可以请同学或教授帮助您填写遗漏的内容，也可以在教科书中找到它。
Review your notes as soon after class as possible (the same day is best). This is the secret to making your notes work! Use the recall column to call out the key ideas and organize facts. Fill in any gaps in your notes and clean up or redraw hastily drawn diagrams.
课后尽快复习笔记（最好是同一天）。这是让你的笔记工作的秘诀！使用回忆列来指出关键思想并组织事实。填写笔记中的任何空白，清理或重新绘制匆忙绘制的图表。
Write a summary of the main ideas of the class in your own words. This process is a great aid to recall. Be sure to include any conclusions from the lecture or discussion.
用你自己的话写下班级主要思想的总结。这个过程对回忆有很大的帮助。一定要包括讲座或讨论中的任何结论。
Use notes when preparing for a test or doing an assignment. Your notes usually have a summary of the most important points and are useful for making sure you incorporate important concepts in your assignments and for focusing on the main concepts when studying for tests and exams.
在准备考试或做作业时使用注释。您的笔记通常包含最重要的要点的摘要，有助于确保您在作业中纳入重要概念，并在学习测试和考试时专注于主要概念。

This video provides some great tips for note-taking as well.
该视频还提供了一些记笔记的好技巧。

Video: “How to Take Great Notes” (length 5:08)
视频：“如何做精彩笔记”（时长 5：08）

Exercise: Journal Entry 练习：日记账分录

Choose one of your classes where you normally take notes. Make a conscious effort to use the Cornell method with either the outline or concept map method for taking your notes. Follow as many steps listed previously as possible. Now compare these notes with those you took in the previous class. Are your new notes more useful? What did you like about taking notes this way? What are some of the things you need to work on improving? (Remember this will get much easier with more practice.) Write your thoughts down.
选择您通常做笔记的课程之一。有意识地努力将康奈尔方法与大纲或概念图方法一起使用来做笔记。尽可能多地执行前面列出的步骤。现在将这些笔记与您在上一节课中所做的笔记进行比较。您的新笔记更有用吗？你喜欢以这种方式做笔记的什么？您需要改进哪些方面？（请记住，随着更多的练习，这将变得容易得多。写下你的想法。

What If You Miss Class?

如果你缺课怎么办？

Clearly the best way to learn class material is to be at the class and to take your own notes. In university, regular attendance is expected. But life happens. On occasion, you may have to miss a class or lecture. When this happens, here are some strategies you can use to make up for it:
显然，学习课堂材料的最佳方法是在课堂上做自己的笔记。在大学里，预计会定期出勤。但生活发生了。有时，您可能不得不错过课程或讲座。发生这种情况时，您可以使用以下一些策略来弥补它：

Check with the instructor to see if there is another section of the class you can attend. Never ask the instructor “Did I miss anything important?” (Think about what that’s saying and you’ll see it’s rather insulting.)
请与教师联系，看看您是否可以参加课程的其他部分。永远不要问教练“我错过了什么重要的事情吗？（想想这句话，你会发现这是相当侮辱性的。
If the instructor posts his or her lectures as a podcast, listen to the lecture online and take notes. If the instructor uses PowerPoint slides, request a copy (or download them if posted) and review them carefully, jotting down your own notes and questions. Review your notes with a classmate who did attend.
如果讲师将他或她的讲座发布为播客，请在线收听讲座并做笔记。如果教师使用 PowerPoint 幻灯片，请索取副本（或下载，如果已发布），请仔细查看它们，记下您自己的笔记和问题。与参加的同学一起查看您的笔记。
You may want to borrow class notes from a classmate. If you do, don’t just copy them and insert them in your notebook. They will not be very helpful. When you borrow notes from a classmate, you should photocopy them and then review them carefully and mark your copy with your own notes and questions. Use your textbook to try to fill in the gaps. Finally, schedule a study session with the person who gave you the notes to review the material and confirm your understanding.
您可能想从同学那里借用课堂笔记。如果这样做，请不要只是复制它们并将它们插入笔记本中。他们不会很有帮助。当你向同学借笔记时，你应该复印它们，然后仔细复习它们，并用你自己的笔记和问题标记你的副本。使用您的教科书尝试填补空白。最后，与给你笔记的人安排一次学习会议，复习材料并确认你的理解。
If none of these options is available for you, use the course syllabus to determine what was covered in the class, then write a short paper (two pages or so) on the material using the class readings and reliable online sources. See your instructor during office hours to review your key findings and to answer any questions you still may have.
如果这些选项都不适合您，请使用课程大纲来确定课程涵盖的内容，然后使用课堂阅读材料和可靠的在线资源在材料上写一篇简短的论文（两页左右）。在办公时间与您的讲师会面，以查看您的主要发现并回答您可能仍有的任何问题。

Group Notes: A Collaborative Approach

小组笔记：协作方法

Groups within a class can take notes together using file-sharing software on the Cloud such as Google Docs. The individuals in the group can add to the document in real time as different individuals are adding themselves. This creates a collaborative document that all can use, download, (or adapt). This won’t work for all situations but can be very useful especially in a fast-moving classroom.
班级中的小组可以使用云端的文件共享软件（如 Google 文档）一起做笔记。组中的个人可以实时添加到文档中，因为不同的个人正在添加自己。这将创建一个所有人都可以使用、下载（或改编）的协作文档。这并非适用于所有情况，但非常有用，尤其是在快速移动的教室中。

Keeping Your Notes 保留笔记

Class is over, and you have a beautiful set of notes in your spiral notebook or saved in your laptop. You have written the summary of the class in your own words. Now what?
下课了，你的螺旋笔记本上有一组漂亮的笔记，或者保存在你的笔记本电脑里。你用自己的话写了课程的总结。现在怎么办？

Start by organizing your notes. We recommend you use a three-ring binder for each of your subjects. Print your notes if you used a computer. If you used note cards, insert them in plastic photo holders for binders. Group all notes from a class or unit together in a section; this includes class notes, reading notes, and instructor handouts. You might also want to copy the instructor’s syllabus for the unit on the first page of the section.
首先整理笔记。我们建议您为每个主题使用三环活页夹。如果您使用计算机，请打印笔记。如果您使用记事卡，请将它们插入塑料照片支架中以存放活页夹。将一个类或单元的所有笔记组合在一个部分中;这包括课堂笔记、阅读笔记和教师讲义。您可能还想在该部分的第一页上复制该单元的教师教学大纲。

Next, spend some time linking the information across the various notes. Use the recall column in your notes to link to related information in other notes (e.g. “See class notes date/page”).
接下来，花一些时间链接各种笔记中的信息。使用笔记中的回忆列链接到其他笔记中的相关信息（例如“查看课堂笔记日期/页面”）。

If you have had a quiz or test on the unit, add it to your binder, too, but be sure to write out the correct answer for any item you missed. Link those corrections to your notes, too.
如果您对本单元进行了测验或测试，请将其也添加到您的活页夹中，但请务必写出您错过的任何项目的正确答案。将这些更正也链接到您的笔记。

Use this opportunity to write “notes on your notes.” Review your summary to see if it still is valid in light of your notes on the reading and any handouts you may have added to your notes package.
利用这个机会写“笔记上的笔记”。查看您的摘要，看看它是否仍然有效，具体取决于您在阅读中的笔记以及您可能已添加到笔记包中的任何讲义。

You don’t need to become a pack rat with your notes. It is fairly safe to toss them after the end of a course except in the following cases:
你不需要成为你的笔记的老鼠。在课程结束后扔掉它们是相当安全的，但以下情况除外：

If the course you took is a prerequisite for another course, or when the course is part of a standard progression of courses that build upon each other (this is very common in math and science courses), you should keep them as a reference and review for the follow-up course.
如果您参加的课程是另一门课程的先决条件，或者当该课程是相互依存的课程标准进展的一部分时（这在数学和科学课程中很常见），您应该将它们作为后续课程的参考和复习。
If the course may pertain to your future major, keep your notes. You may not realize it now that they may have future value when you study similar topics or even the same topics in more depth.
如果该课程可能与您未来的专业有关，请保留您的笔记。您现在可能没有意识到，当您更深入地研究类似的主题甚至相同的主题时，它们可能具有未来价值。
If you are very interested in the course subject and would like to get into the material through a more advanced course, independent study, or even research, keep your notes as a prep tool for further work.
如果您对课程主题非常感兴趣，并希望通过更高级的课程、独立学习甚至研究来了解材料，请保留您的笔记作为进一步工作的准备工具。

Key Takeaways 关键要点

Good note-taking is a key strategy for academic success.
良好的笔记是学业成功的关键策略。
Choose among effective note-taking styles for what works best for you and modify it to meet the needs of a specific class or instructor.
在最有效的笔记风格中选择最适合您的风格，并对其进行修改以满足特定班级或教师的需求。
List notes are generally less effective and not prioritized.
列表注释通常效果较差，并且没有确定优先级。
Outlines work well for taking notes on a laptop when the instructor is well organized.
当教师组织良好时，大纲非常适合在笔记本电脑上做笔记。
Concept map notes are good for showing the relationships among ideas.
概念图注释非常适合显示想法之间的关系。
The Cornell method is effective for calling out key concepts and organizing notes for review.
康奈尔方法对于提出关键概念和组织笔记以供复习是有效的。
Instructor handouts and PowerPoint presentations help with—but do not replace the need for—personal note-taking.
教师讲义和 PowerPoint 演示文稿有助于（但不能取代）个人笔记的需要。
If you miss a class, explore your options for replacing your missing notes.
如果您缺课，请探索替换丢失笔记的选项。
Keep your notes organized in a way that makes it easy to study for tests and other uses in the future.
保持笔记井井有条，以便将来学习考试和其他用途。

Exercise: Note-taking 练习：记笔记

Name two advantages of the Cornell system over the list method of note-taking.
列举康奈尔系统相对于笔记列表方法的两个优点。
Describe the benefits of—and potential problems with—taking class notes on a laptop.
描述在笔记本电脑上做课堂笔记的好处和潜在问题。
List at least three ways to make up for missing notes because you miss a class.
列出至少三种方法来弥补因缺课而丢失的笔记。

Text Attributions 文本归属

This chapter was adapted from “Got Notes?” in University Success by N. Mahoney, B. Klassen, and M. D’Eon. Adapted by Mary Shier. CC BY-NC-SA.
本章改编自N. Mahoney，B. Klassen和M. D'Eon在University Success中的“Got Notes？玛丽·希尔改编。CC BY-NC-SA.
The first two paragraphs and text under the “Two Purposes for Taking Notes” heading are from “Take Notes from Lectures – That You’ll Actually Use” in University 101: Study, Strategize and Succeed by Kwantlen Polytechnic University. CC BY-SA.
“做笔记的两个目的”标题下的前两段和文字来自昆特兰理工大学的《大学101：学习、制定战略和成功》中的“从讲座中做笔记——你实际使用的笔记”。CC BY-SA.

Video Attributions 视频归因

“How to Take Great Notes” by watchwellclass. Standard YouTube Licence.
watchwellclass的“如何做伟大的笔记”。标准 YouTube 许可证。

Pauk, W. & Owens, R.J.Q. (2013). How to Study in College. Boston, MA: Wadsworth, Cengage Learning. ↵
Pauk， W. & Owens， R.J.Q. （2013）.如何在大学学习。马萨诸塞州波士顿：沃兹沃思，圣智学习。↵

第三大脑

【编译】5.6 记笔记 5.6 Note-Taking